Internally-fired engine.



W. H. SMYTH.

INTBENALLY FIRED ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED F3116, 1900.

Patented Mar. 10, 19%

6 BHEETS-SHEET 1.

Fig. 1.

W. H". SMYTH.

INTERNALLY FIRED ENGINE.

IAPPLIOATION FILED FEB. 5, 1900.

Patented Mar. 10, 1914 a sums-sunk.

W. H. SMYTH. mTERbfALLY FIRED ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. B, 1900.

Patented Mar. 10, 1914- a snEBTa-simm a.

VQLH. SMYTH INTEBNALLY FIRED ENGINE.

APPLIGATION FILED FEB. 5, 1900.

1,089,444. Patented M&1.10,l914:.

5 sums-B11221 4.

m EXAM KL W, 35". SMY I'H,

INTEEfiTALLY FIRED ENGINE.

APPLICATION 21mm FEB. a, 1900.

tentefi; Mar. 1 1914 mm mm the various parts.

WILLIAM H. SIVIYTH, on

runs COMPANY, A

BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR '10 HUMPHILEY GAS CORPORATION OF NEWYORK.

INTERNALLY-FIBED ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented lttar. 1t), rare.

Application filed February 5, 1900. Serial No. 1,129.

1 '0 id! 20710111. it 'lmu cmiccrn Be it known that l, WILLLnu l-l'.Snv'rn, mechanical engineer, citizen of the United States, residing atlierkclcy, in the county of Alameda and State of California, haveinvented certain new and useful Improve ments in lntcrnally-FiredEngines and I do hereby declare the jollowing to be a full clear, andexact description of the same.

Thisinvention Rdates to internally tired engines and has for its object,a more perfect utilization of the expansive force of heat and alsosimplicity of construction.

A further object of this invention is to provide an internally tiredheat engine particularly adapted to raising or Forcing; water by thedirect application of the expansive force of heat as displayed inexplosive action.

These objects are aciannplished by means oi the device illust "atcd inthe accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 shows a sectional elevation.the upper part down to the joint line at the bottom of cylinder 7 beinga section on the line A B C D of Fig. 4 and Fig. From this joint linedown, the balance of the figure is a section on line E i at Fig. 3 andFig. 5.

-. Fig. 2 a sectional clcvaii n through line G H I J of Fig. withcylinders 10 and 7 and cam 12 section on the line K L. Fig. 3 is asection through line M i\ of Figs. 1, 2 and ,(i. Fig. l is a plan viewwith the cover 30 removed. Fig. 5 is a. full plan. Fig. (l is a troutelevation. Fig. 7 shows an elevation of the device as placed in positionin con nection with the receiving tank, parts of the view being brokenaway to more clearly illustrate it.

Having now briefly described the figures I will for the sake ofclearness describe each figure in detail and then by means of a full anddetailed description of the operation make clear the function andcooperation of Fig. 1 1s a vertical section as stated. -'ihe view' is,not a section on a true plan p5, for purposes of illus'trz ition, theupper par of the view is made to include more than would be seen in asection made on a perfect plan, by this means the valve mechanism ismade clearer. Rcfe'ring to this figure, 1 is an explosive chamber orcylinder (using this term conventionally) form. v-henpper end 0 of anysuitable which constitutes a l t l t 1 l 1 1 pump chamber, the lower endof this cylin- 'trode cf an electric circuit and der is prolonged into areturn curve or conduit. 2, the outletof which is provided. With. acheck valve or gate 3 of large capacity opening outward, moreparticularly do scribed hereinafter. A check valve t opening inward isprovided preferably at the bottom of the return curve. A strainer 5protects this valve. An air chamber or ac un'mlater 6 surrounds andembraces the cylinders 1 of which there are two like that shown in thisfigure, located side by side. as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. l Vithin thiscasing and dependingl'rom the upper end thereof is a large cylinder 7having a movable piston 8 therein. It is provided with a-port or passage9 opening into and comnmnimting with the cylinder 1 at its lowerextremity. the pas-- sage from the upper portion of the cylinder 7connnunicatinp, with one cylinder 1. while the passage from the lowerpart of cylinder .7 communicates with the other cylinder 1 at thecorresponding location. 'lhcsc connections are indicated by the dottedlines connecting the upper and loweruapert ures 9 and are shown in 1 and3 at 9. Depending from the cylinder 7 is another cylinder 10 extendingdown into the air chamber (3. De pointing from the upper portion of thecylinder T is a spiral or rifled bar 11 journaled in the upper head ofcylinder T. To this bar 11 where it extends through the cylinder head,is secured a cam 12 upon the. circumferential surface of which, aresuitable contours to operate various valves and other directing andcontrolling mecl'ianisms. The cylinder 1 is provided with an ignitionchain ber 13, in which is located a suitable ignition device shcwn inthis figure as a rotatable toothed wheel cr-star 14. forming one elecaninsulated spring 15 forming the other electrode. The battery andelectric circuit are clearly shown in Fig. at. The ignition chamber isprovided with an inlet valve 16 suitably con nected with a source offuel supply. shown in this instance as being a reservoir 17, having asuitable valve controlled pipe 18 provided with a regulating valve 19and a stop cock 20. The valve 16 is provided with a spring controlledstem, which engages with a suitably disposed contour on the surface ofcam 12 to operate the valve in proper time. An exhaust valve 21 is alsoprovided, similarly arranged and connected with a suitable cam contouron the cam 12, to give it appropriate motion.

The cylinder 10 is provided with a piston 2L, shown in Figs. 2 and Thispiston is operated by water pressure controlled by suitable valves,shown in Fig. 1 as piston 23 and auxiliary valve 2 1. Valve 2 1 isprovided with a spring controlled stem, which engages with a suitableoperating contour on cam 12. A pressure supply pipe 25 extendingdownwardly into the lower part of the air chamber below the surface ofthe water therein connects through the valves 23 and 2-1 with thecylinder 10, to actuate the piston therein. It is supplied with asuitable stop cook 26, with an operating handle 27 extending to theoutside of the machine for the purpose of stopping and starting itsoperation. Upon the stem of the valve 26 is secured a lever 28, see Fig.4:, connected by a link with the stop cock 20 of the fuel suppl'y pipe,to open and close it synchronously with the operation of valve 26.

29 is an exhaust outlet for valve 23, shown, in the present case asextending to the outside of the machine. A cover or casing 30 covers andinclo-ses the light working parts, which have been described This covermay be hinged or otherwise removably secured in place. It is shown inthe present instance as being bolted. For constructive purposes, thedevice is made in three main sections which are bolted, as

shown in this figure, and also in Figs. 2, 1,

5 and 6.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section at right angles to Fig. 1 similarlymodified for the purposes of clearer illustration. In some of thefigures, including the present one, parts are omitted to avoidcomplication and obscurity in the views, these parts are however clearlyshown in other views, also their connection and relation to the otherparts of the ma chine. This .view shows two cylinders, side by'side,substantially similar to each other, and to that shown in Fig. 1, eachprovided with inlet and outlet valves, and a strainer common to both.The air chamber 6 is shown in this view, surrounding and inclo'sing thecylinders 1 and their valves 3, 3 as already described, as shown inFigs. 1 and 3. The walls of the air. chamber form a smooth outer casingfor the whole device. Withinv this casing and depending from theupper-part thereof 7 and 10 in section and the pistons S and 22 alreadyreferred to. Connecting these pistons 8 and 22 is a hollow piston rod 31closed at its lower end. Extending from the upper. end of the uppercylinder, are two pipes and 33 which form guides for the piston.8 andalso prevent its axial turning. These pipes extend to the outside of thecylinder and form water passage ways, one to the upper and the other tothe lower ends the valve at proper times.

'1, occupying a corresponding are shown the cylinders length of thecylinder 10. cylinders -1 and their relation to each respectively of thelower cylinder 10 as shown. They also connect with the controlling valveas shown in Fig. l. The spiral. or ritled rod 11 is here shown extendingcentrzlly downward through piston 8 and entering the piston rod 31. Atthe upper end of this piston rod is a nut 31 secured to the piston whichengages with the spiral rod 11 to turn it by the longitudinal motion ofthe piston S. The circular cam 12 is also here shown.

Extending upwardly through the air chamber to its upper part, is an airpipe 35, its upper end in open communication with the air chamber'ti.The lower end of this pipe is furnished with a suitable controllingvalve 36, opening into the cylinder 1 a little below valve 11 valve stemextends to the outside of the casing through a suitable stut'ting boxand engages with the operative cam 12 in any suitable way to be operatedthereby, shown in the present instance as a pivoted arm or lever, oneend of which is loosely connected to the upper end of the valve stem andthe other end en aging with cam 12, which is provided witi anappropriate contour to depress the lever and raise A spring 37 raisesthe lever and assists in returning the valve to its seat after eachoperation. 1 similar valve, pipe and other described connections aresupplied to the other cylinder I location in relation thereto, as shownin Fig. 3 at 35-, which indicates cross sections of pipe 35 and valvestem.

The source of electric eiiergy heretofore Y referred to with which theelectrodes 11 and 15 connect, is here shown cells of a battery 38. Achain 39 attached to a ring bolt 10 fixed to the cover 30, is prdvidedfor the purpose of suspending the apparatus, when it is required to beemployed in situations where a permanent foundation is not available, orwhere such means for supporting, is for any reason desirable. The outletis indicated in Fig. 2 by the dotted line '11. It is also shown as apipe 11 in Fig-1 and shown curved as a. flexible pipe n in Fig. 6.independent removable covers 42 are provided over the stuffing box ofvalve rod of valve so, to permit of easy access to the stalling box, orthe remova of .the valve 36 for the purpose of repair.

it is seen from Fig. 2, that each cylinder 1 is provided with anindependent water inlet having an independent controlling valve 4, butthat these 'alves are protected by a strainer or casing common to both.

Fig. 3 is a sectional plan through he body of the air ciamber, about miby of the it shows the other, it also shows the valves 3; one of thesevalves being shown as partly rosette hrohcn u, for purpose of showingthe lniructer of the valve seat. These valves he oil extremeeensitiveness one shou d he off very large capacity his Joust itpeeseges tl'leading iron} the torn peetivciy of the cylinder tiers i areheretofore shows the loco actuating; preesure pin 35 and pipe 33lending; to the lower end of the ntler .ilO. nice shows the positic .-ioi.

' u i plan view of the machine, Muir cop or cover 30 oi theopercheniein, heinp; removed. it shows (min e of the inlet and exhaustvalves the ECiMtilSt outlets lit 25 the inlet pge for air or gun vieistop cook 19 and its heck flow i i-e13 2:6 and link coi'inecting thecool: with the operating lever of v; .3 cit vnlvc it also shows orprovihion is inside for connecting and ;.ntrolling the electric current.Attached 'f to the stem valve is u projecting finger 'll. stopetlinsulated from the machine is locc tcl in the path of the finger 47 sothat when i ie valve is turned on it acts both as stop to iiniit themotion of the valve Jon the stem of which it is eecurerl Arise to throwthe battery into the .c circuit, ready to he completed by the L ient oilthe electrodes 14; and iii. Tihe electrodes 15 insulated from theinnchine, are connected by the wire 49 to one pole ofthe battery 38, theother electrodes 14%: heing connected to the battery through theniechine iinger 4:7, stop 48, when the "or engages therewith, and wire50. Fig. i) i sliiows the conneetion'oi valve stem of valve 855 und itsconnection with the ccntrul one out this point of the ring colt 4% theexhuunt 1" ll inlet 6O the incl 1(*H(3l\()1l' l7" and ring end startinghnmllo 27.

n .i 5 also ul'ioivs the protecting cover of the operativei'llGCl'ulIllSHlS niul the arrange ment of the holts seen fiiiig thiscover in place end also those which connei the main body out the machinetogether.

Fig, 6 a front elovntion of the machine in position. it chews itsgcncrul arrange men-l: fljltl outward appeal-mice and the numnor inwhich the discharge pipe is attached "to the {llh liliil'g'jgll outletThe discharge pipe ho'wn a flexible hose appropriate to the location inwhich the device is represented. it also slums the proper innnorsion ofthe device, thou ill 5 :1, nnitlcr which may he "u y 'wi thonti'nutcrinlly of cilicirncyi Il i e. "l shows an cleion oi: one oi these(it, iccs to raise \Yzlitl tunic with. mittunetic arrangements l l Ithat while the pipes 32 and w i ,Di the taint 0 crates the stertln andetc ping handle 27. This consists "two fleets 61 and 62 suspended in thetank from a rocking counter-weighted lever 63 connected by a rod to ithellcrnnk lever 64: which is connected by it link to the operziitinghandle 97 as indicated in this view. This construction provides thatwhen the water level falls in the tank, the rlcvicc starts in operationand fills the tank till the water reaches the upper flout when itreversee and closes the valve 26'. it requires the aggregate buoyancy ofboth floats to move the valve in one direction and the aggregate weightof both iioets to move it in the other direction.

Owing to the extreme velocity with which the water passes through valve3 and the extreme sutlclenncss with which the reaction from pressure tovacuum takes place, it is necessary as before stated that the valves 3should be of gr nt sensitiveness to prevent lees by slippage, that is tosay, the return of the water through the valve before its inertiapt'H-efits of ii closiug. It should also be of grant capacity to avoidfriction and hesitation of water in passing through.

The operaiion of the device is as follows: 'issuniinp; the parts of themachine to be in position us indicated in Fig. l and the dischurgc pipeextending to some elevation and the device furnished with a body of"aier filling the pump cylinders or chainhere 1, to not us pistons,other voter in the discharge pip and air in the air chamber under theprcesure of the head to which the device is ini'ci'ulcil to raise water.The liquid fuel rulvc 19 being opened to the proper extent to givecorrect supply of iiuel, the deice ready to start. This is accomplishedby turning the handle shown in Figs. 1, 5, and (i. This opens valve 26shown in ll i e'v l and Fig. lhis'vnlve 26 controls the su, oly of waterfrom pipe 25 extending lhe length of the air chamber 6 to near thebottom and hcncuth the surface of the water in the nir chamber 6 whichwater is under the pressure oi the head us the discharge 41 is in freecommunication with the air chamber (3. Thus the resiliency of the air inthe air clnnnhcr-(i forces the water from said air chuinhcr up pipe 25through the now open Volvo 26 into the chamber containing thecontrolling valve 94- :mtl the water thus uchnitic l forces the pistonvalve 23 from the position shown in Fig. 1 to the opposite end of thechzunhcr in which the piston valve 723 is located, thus changingthecourse of the water, under-pressure of the air chuinhcr coining throughpipe 25, fron'i pipe 32 as shown in Fig. 4. to the pipe 33 or; shown inFigs. 2 and i. It will be seen 33 extend down i'lur'ough cylinder 7, thepipe 32 opens into the upper part of the cylinder 10 While the 'to. theresilient force of the air in the air chamber 6 coinprc ed by the weightof the head of the water. the. piston 22 is caused to rise moving withit. the piston S in cylinder 7. to which it is rigidly connected by thehollow piston rod 31. The water above the piston in cylinder 10 beingforced-outward through pipe-32 of Figs. '2 and 4-.

through chamber of valve 23 and exhaust passage 29 shown in Fig. 1.

The effect of the upward movement. of piston S is to force the waterfrom the top of cylinder 7 as shown in Fig. 1 through passage 9 of thesame figure down the whole length of the machine to the opening 9beneath valve 3 and consequently into cylinder 1 of Fig. 1, thus fillingthe vacant space shown in Fig. 1 and marked 1, thus forcing out thespent gases of previous charge through the ignition chamber 13 andexhaust valve 21 which has been meanwhile opened by the cam 12 andthence out through the exhaust passage it, one of which is shown inFig. 1. In the meant me the rising of piston 8 has performed the rc-'verse operation for the companion cylinder 1, from which has been drawnby suction. that is forced by atmospheric pressure. a like volume ofwater to fill the space heneath piston 8 made by its upward movement.The lower part of cylinder 7 as above stated, is connected by a similarpassage 9, to the lower part of the companion cylinder 1. These passages9 which connect the upper and lower part of cylinder 7 are shown in.Fig. 3 as incased'in the wall of air chamber 6. It will thus be seenthat while the uprising of piston S has introduced a measured volume of'atcr-into one of the cylinders 1. and thus forr'c t out the spent gascs. it has simultaneously caused the withdrawal of a similar volume ofwater from the companion cylinder 1 and the consequent entrance of airthrough the inlet valve 10, which has meanwhile been opened for thatpurpose. The opening and closing of these valves is performedautomatically by the contour of the circular cam 12 shown in Figs. 1 and4:. The valves. both inlet and exhaust. of the companion cylinders 1 aresimilar and in duplicate. as are also the sparking devices. The valvesand sparking devices are shown in Fig. l. and the casing containing themis shown in Fig. t. The operation of these valves in proper the bottomend of the cyh.

time is performed by the cam 12 actuated by the 'rified rod 11 engagingwith the nut or other suitable engagement 3% of piston 8 shown -in Figiihz Theturning ofhandle 27 besides opening the valve 26 and cruising theactuation of piston S as described alsoturns the finger attached on thesame valve stem as the handle 27 into engagement with theinsulated stopi8. This engagement besides limiting the motion of the valve handlecompletes the electric circuit from the battery to the sparking star 1%th ough the machine. The motion of handle 2? besides performing thesetwo functions opens the stop cock 20 of the fuel supply. The fuel,preferably 'gasolene. drips down into the up turned elbow of pipe {5,Fig. 4. through which the air passes to supply the space in cy inder 1,as water is withdrawn therefrom by the motion of piston 8. That is tosay air, with its complement of gasolene will flow past the check valve46 of the cylinder from which Water is being withdrawn. it may now beassumed that one of the c vlin ders 1 is tilled with gasolencimpregnated air, that is gasolene vapor at atmospheric pressure and thepiston 8 has nearly reached one end of its stroke.

The next operation after the closing of exhaust valve 21 and inlet valve16 is the opening of valve 36, by the engagement of its lever with cam12, thus thiu'tlgh the holes at the top of the pipe shown in Fig. 2 andFig. 3, the compressed air in the air chamber or accumulator 6,-, ispermitted to flow, through pipe beneath valve 3 of the cylinder 1 whichhas received its charge of explosive mixture. Assuming this is thecondition shown in Fig. 1. that is, that it has its charge of gas atatmospheric pressure. the water beneath valve 3 would be displaced by avolume of air from the air chamber and the water in chamber 1 would 4 beforced upward by this displacement and so compress the inclosedexplosive charge l the upward movement of the surface of water beneaththe explosive charge The device is now in condition of having in one ofthe cylinders 1. a charge of explosive gases compressed to a degree ofcompression equal to the static head to which the water is being raised,while the other cylinder is means.

pressure to the opposite end of the valve 23 which beingmoved thereby inits turn diverts the course oi. the water from pipe 33 to pipe and thetop end of cylinder l and consequently causes the down ward motion ofpiston 22 and. thus a repetition of the described operation withreference to the cylinder 1 which we left full of water and so on inindefinite cycle the continuous operation of the machine. 0t course theexplosion and expansion of the con'ipresscd charge creates the partialvacuum in the cylinder 1 in which it occurs and this is satisfied withwater through the foot valve 4 of the cylinder in which the vacuumexists.

The fuel is preferably carried in a reser voir on the top of the deviceas shown in Fig. 1 at 1'7. This reservoir is provided with a simple plugor other suitable regulating valve shown in Fig. 1 at 19 on its pipe 18for the purpose of regulating the amount of flow of the gasolene. Thepipe 18 projects downward into the open end of the upturned pipe 45shown in Fig. 4 which is the air supply pipe common to both cylinders 1.This pipe 45 branches in opposite directions to the valve chest of eachcylinder 1. and may be provided on each of its branches with an inletcheck valve lG. These check valves are not ordinarily necessary but aresimply additional precaution,

as the valve 16 to the chamber back of which pipe 45 leads, as shown inFig. 1, is sufficient to cut oil the explosive flame from the pipe 45.The valve 16 is a positively opcrated valve whereby attenuation of thecharges is prevented. After the explosion has occurred the spent gasesare simply forced out through the ignition chamber 13. exhaust valve 21and outlet 44 as shown in Figs. 1, 4.- and 5. The hole 60 as shown onthe cover in Fig. is purposely not in close proximity to the air andfuel pipe 45 but is at some considerable distance away. the object ofthis being to have a current of fresh air flowing through the wholechamber beneath the cover so his to sweep out any p'asolene vaporswhichiniqht accumulate there,

The electric circuit is clearly shown in Fig. 4, p

the wire 49 connectingone pole of the battery 38 with the insulatedposts to which the insulated springs 15 are attached as shown in Figs. 1and 4. The other Wire 50 connects the other pole of the battery with,the insulated stop post 48. into contact with which the finger 47 isbrought by movement of the handle 2? as already described. Tllhisrnalresconnection with the sparlicr star 14 through the metal of the machine.The. automatic starting: and stopping arrangement may or 'may not: beused as the circumstances war its method of ophration is obvious rant.from the description.

It will be observed in this tor-in of the invention that prior to andduring heat gen.-

erat-ion the explosion chamber is not only surrounded on the inside by at'lni of nonconducting material of much less conductivity, (namely afilm of water) than the material of the cylinder, but that on the outside it is likewise covered and encompassed by a.nt)n-coml11cto1.namely, air. Further that immediately succeeding the heat genoration,the cylinder is cooled by the rush and splash of thewatcr into the airchamber insuring complete cooling of the cylinder walls prior to theinflow of a succeeding charge. Also that whatever heating may take placeof the cylinder walls (hiring the generation oi. heat, it is tran,ferred to the air in the air chamber with its consequent heating of theair therein and its transformation into available work. 'lhesefunctions, though of course not so valuable in the present device, asthey would he available in the previous types of heat energy utiliu ingdevices, are here incorporated for what they are worth.

It is obvious of course, that though, for the purposes of constructiveeconomy, the Whole of the heat generatioi'i or explosion chamber is notinclosed within the air chamber, that this may readily be accomplishedif deemed desirable.

It is also apparent that the charging and pressure cylinders are not ofnecessity lo cated within the air chamber or even inherently and ofnecessity intimately connected with the air chamber. They may be locatedat a considerable distance from the explosion chamber as for example onthe surface of the ground in cases where it is desirable to have theexplosion chamber at the bottom of a shaft or well.

It is also apparent that he, whole device itself may be located. at a,distance from the point at which the work is being utilized, as forinstance, the air, water or impulses may be carried by air-or waterpipes or other .means to suitable devices at the bottom of a shaft orother distant location, while the device itself remains at the surfaceor other position separated from such force utilizing devices.

Besides the various forms or modifications herein illustrated, describedor ref rred to this invention is capable of great variation of form,arrangement and constructive detail without departing from the essentialnature of the invention, some of such being possibly more satisfactoryembodiments of the invention than, these illustrated in the presentdisclosure. v v

An illustration of another embodiment of the invention involved in. thepresent disclosure di tierinp; radically in appearance and constructivedetail, presented in the ccm panion application for imprcweinents in l.so

utilizing heat energy filed Feb. 5th, 1900, Serial No. 4:128.

As illustrating the extent and scope of the invention underlying theconstruction herein set forth reference is here made to anotheraceonnianying application also tiled on the same day bearing Serial No.4127 for a new art or proce. under the title of improvements inutilizing heat energy.

It will be seen that many changes in form, construction and arrangementot the various parts of this device also means employed in charging theexplosion chamber with power and of causing the explosive force otheatto he exerted against the piston may be made to apply this inventionwithout departing from the essential character thereof. I do nottherefore contine myself to the form proportion or arrangement of thedevices or any oi them herein shown, but merely show this as aconvenient form in which the invention may be applied to a large numberof uses.

What I claim is 1. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination(.l' a combustion chamber provided with an igniter and means to regulatethe in and outllow of lluids, an air chamber surrounding the combustionchamber and having an inlet: passage thereto and a discharge from theair chamber.

2. in an apparatus oi the named type, the ctm'ibination of a combustionchamber provided with an igniter and means to regulate the in andoulllow of fluids, an air chamber surrounding the combustion chamber andhaving a valve controlled inlet pas- .age thereto and a discharge fromthe air chamber.

3. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination. oi a multiplicityotcombust ion chambers provided with suitable devices and havingcontrolling devices to regulate the in and outliow of fluids, an airchamber surrounding the combustion chambers connected therewith bysuitable passages, a discharge from the air chamber, means adapted toform a succession of explosive charges and a power driven engine tointroduce the charges into the combustion chamber.

4. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination of a combustionchamber provided with an igniter and means to regulate the in andoutflow of fluids, an air chamber surrounding the combustion chainher,an inlet passage from the air chamber to the combustion chamber wherebymaterial driven from the combustion chamber is opposed by the air in theair chamber and a discharge from the air chamber.

5. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination ofa combustionchamber provided with an igniter and means to rep;-

ulate the in and outflow of fluids, an

chamber surrounding the combustion chamber, means to introduce liquid toact as a piston in the combustion chamber, a valve controlled inletpassage from the air chamher to the, combustion chamber whereby liquiddriven from the combustion chamber is opposed by the air in the airchamber and a discharge from the air chamber.

6. In an app-.vatus of the named type, the combination of a combustionchamber provided with an ignitcr and means to regulate the in. andoutflov'of fluids, a nonreturn valve controlled passage to introduceliquid from the exterior to act as a piston in the combustion chamber,an air chamber surrounding the combustion chamber, a valved controlledinlet passage from'the air chamber to the combustion chamber wherebyliquid driven from the combustion chamher is opposed by the air in theair chamher and a discharge from the air chamber.

7. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination of a combustionchamber provided with an igniter and means to form a succession ofexplosive charges, a power driven engine or motor to introduce thecharges'into the combustion chamber, a nonreturn-valvecontrolled passageto introduce liquid from the exterior to act as a piston in thecombustion chamber, an air chamber surrounding the combustion chamber, avalve controlled inlet passage from the air chamber to the combustionchamber whereby liquid driven from the combustion chamber opposed by theair in the air chamber, and a discharge from the air chamber.

8. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination of a multiplicityof combustion chambers with suitable igniters and means to form asuccession of explosive charges, a power driven engine or motor tointroduce charges into the combustion chain hers, a non-returnvalvecontrolled passage to introduce liquid from the exterior to act as apiston in each of the combustion chamhere, an air chamber surroundingthe combustion chambers, a 'alve controlled pas sage connecting each ofthe combustion chambers with the air chamber whereby liquid driven fromthe combustion chambers is opposed by the air in the air chamber, and adischarge from the air chamber:

9. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination of a combustionchamber provided with an igniter and means to reg ulate the in andoutflow of fluids, an air chamber surrounding the combustion chamberconnected therewith by a passage, a second passage or passby between theair chamber and the combustion chamber, and a discharge from the airchamber.

10. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination of a combustionchamber provided with an i gniter and means to reguleie the in andoutflow of fluids, airs/i1 chamber surroundingthe combustion chant ,berconnected therewith byavalve COD" trolled passage, :1 second valvecontrolled passage or passby between the air chan'iber and thecombustion chamber, and a discharge from the air chamber.

11. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination of a multiplicityoiconibustion chambers provided with suitable igniting devices, means toform a succession of explosive charges, means to introduce charges intothe combustion chambers, an air chamber surrounding the combustionchambers and connected to each of said chambers by valve controlledpassages and a discharge from the air chamber.

12. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination of a combustionchamber provided With a vaporizer or gasifier of liquid fuel, means forintroducing the fuel and a succession of volumes of air to formexplosive charges in a combustion chaml'ier, an ignitcr, means toregulate and direct the in and outflow of fluids, an air chambersurrounding the combustion eha'n'iber and having an inlet passagethereto, and a discharge from the air chamber.

13. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination of a combustionchamber provided with a vaporizer or gasifier of liquid fuel, an enginefor introducing the fuel and a succession of volumes of air to formexplosive charges in the combustion chamher, an ignitcr, means toregulate and direct the in and outtlowof fluids connected there With bya passage, an air chamber surrounding the combustion chamber, and adischarge from the air chamber.

14. In, an apparatus of the named type, the combination of a combustionchamber provided with an igniter and means to form and introduce intothe combustion chamber a succession of explosive charges, means tocompress the charges prior to ignition, means to permit and direct theHow of tiuids into and from the combustion chamber, an air chambersurrounding the combustion chamber and having an inlet passage theretoand a discharge from the air chamber.

15. In an app.i-at1is of the named type, the combination of a combustionchamber provided with an. igniter and means to form and introduce intothe combustion chamber a succession. of explosive charges. m ans topermit and direct the flow of fiuids intoaud from the combustionchamber, an air Cl'illl'll her surrounding the combustion chamberconnected therewith by a passage, a bypass or passage from the airchamber to the combustion chamber to elcct the con'ipression of thecharge, and a discharge from the air chamber.

16. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination of a combustionchamber provided with avaporizer or gasifier of liquid fuel, means foriii-trod av succession of volume... plosive in aeans to generate eiectiispar-her to ignite the charges, mean mit and direct the flou oi fluidfrom the eon'ibustion chamber, her surrounding the combustion and havingan inlet passage 4 discharge fr the air 17. In apparatus of i, is thecombination of a combusti 1 means for introducing :tuel t a. pump or thelike to hitroduce a succession of volumes of air to form with the fueeitplosive charges in the con'ibustion clian'iioer, an igniter, means topermit and flow of iluids into and from the combos chamber, an airchamber sum-cunt the combustion chamber and lmvingan inlet passagethereto and a discharge from the air chamber.

13. in an apparatus of the named tj 'i the combination of a combustionchamber provided with an ignitcr and having wait" to permit and directthe inlmduction o e plosive charges, an engine or motor ti: theintroduction of the-char and uectcd to the valves and spa l suitz-ih emechanical devices to cheat 1hr priate motions in operative sequence, ato permitand direct the tiow of iiuii. and from the coini'aisrion chainan chamber surrounding: the comlmstiori chantber and having an inletpassage thereto, and a discharge mm the air chamber.

it). in an apparatus of: the n the comliiination oi a. combustionc meansto permit and direct the fluids into and from the combustion her, asurrounding,- and inclosing .a forming; an air chamber having; anpassage to the combui-ition chau'iber and discharge From the casing",means for 1 (lacing into the combustion chamber a sucocssion 0texplosive charges and ii them.

20. in an apparatus of the named the combination of a combustion chammoans to permit and direct the flow oi ii into and from'thc combustioncl" surrounding and inclosin casi an air chamber towing a valve 1; inletpassagc to the combustion and a discharge from t on iTiQmlF; forintroducing: into the combustion hamber a succession of explosivecharges and ignuing them.

21. in an ap iaratus of the named the ram'ibination oi a plura titnchambers provided igniters and means to reg .ie ti outflow oi fluids. anair chamber ing, the comliiustion chan'il'ie ll. Ii. b3

hers having inlet passages to the air. chamber, and a discharge from theair chamber.

22.111 an apparatus of the named type, the combination of a multiplicityof combustion chambers provided with automatic motor means to introducea succession of 1 explosive charges and ignite them, devices to controlthe fioW of fluids into and from said chambers an air chambersurrounding the combustion chambers connected therewith by passages, anda discharge from the air chamber.

In an apparatus of the named type, the combination of a multiplicity ofcombastion chambers with automatic motor .means to introduce asuccession of exploslve charges and ignite them, (lGYlCBS to control theflow of fluids into and from said chambers, an air chamber surroundingthe combustion chambers connected therewith by valve controlledpassages, and a dis charge from the air chamber.

2 In an apparatus of the named type the combination of amultiplicity ofcombustion chambers with igniters and means to control the inflow andoutflow o'l' fluids,

l l l the cumliinatiin of a combu tion t..\\lill)(l', automatic meansfor introducing and ing therein a succession Oi explo charges, means [orpernutting and dim-i ing the flow of liquidi to and from tlucombustinuchamber, a tank or receptacle for liquid ex'peiled 'lnom the combusti nchamber. and means for automatically st pping and starting the apparatusby [incur ations in the level of the liquid in the reccptaclc.

27. The mmbination of a pump chamber, an ar'cun'iulator, a conduit forthe reciprocation of liquid connecting the pump chainhcr with theaccumulator, a discharge outlet and a liquid inlct,:1nd means forutilizing the pressure of the nccumuluti'ir for causing a returnmovement of liquid in the conduit and pump chamber.

28. The combination of a pump chamber, an accumulator, a conduit for thercci 'irocatic-u of liquid connecting the pump chamher with thezmrnmulator, a liquid inlet and a discharge in the vicinity of theinlet, and means for utilizing the pre'sui'e ol the accumulator forcausing a return movement of liquid in the conduit and pump chamber.

lVlLLl'Ahi H. SMYTH.

Witnesses A. B. BOWIZRS: J. H. Murine by iiuctuuii m bl thr-

